Roughneck Information » Mining » Copper Mining History

Copper Mining History

Learn more about Copper Mining History at the website RouhNeckChronicles.com.

Q: 10 points! please help me on history of metallurgy?
I need websites that have history of metallurgy between prehistory- 600 C.E. I need information about:

-gold mininig
-copper mining
-bronze & iron metallurgy

What are the processes and why does it impact trade and warfare?

don’t give me sites like wikipedia.
please help me.

A: http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab16

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab16

good luck. :]

Q: good with kennecott history?
why didn’t chile pay for Kennecott copper mine?
what did the United States or Kennecott do?
could they have done anything?

A: See below.

Q: history help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!?
Here are some multiple questions!

1.People in the Sahel region learned to farm the:
a.jungle
b.savannas
c.Sub-Saraha
d.Sahara

2.Rain forests in central and western Africa include areas of:
a.jungle
b.savannas
c.deserts
d.grasslands

3.Kush’s history is defined by its relationship with:
a.Aksum
b.Egypt
c.Assyria
d.Ethiopia

4.All of the following contributed to the decline of Aksum EXCEPT:
a.decline in the productive land
b.loss of trade to the Persians
c.loss of trade with the Romans
d.rise of Islamic Arab power

5.East African power was linked to trade:
a.on the Indian Ocean
b.on the Mediterranean Sea
c.with Carthage
d.with Rome

6.The Rocky Mountains of North America:
a.are the source of the Mississippi River
b.are the source of the Amazon RIver
c.turn into South America’s Andes Moutains
d.are the worlds second largest mountain range

7.People probably migrated to the Americas to:
a.escape invaders
b.follow animal herds
c.find fertile land for farming
d.search for gold

8.Mississippian settlements were often centered around:
a.a marketplace
b.a copper mine
c.a ceremonial circle
d.a ceremonial mound

9.One of the lasting contributions of the Toltec civilization was its:
a.god, Quetzalcoatl
b.writing system
c.agricultural system
d.language, Ouechua

10.The Aztecs fed their sun god with:
a.chinampas
b.animals
c.gold
d.prisoner of war

A: You’re cheating !! This is not a good way to try to do your homework. How do you know people won’t lie to you just to mess you up. These questions are not too difficult.

Q: Can you translate this into French? (High level of french or 1st language speaker)?
I’m not stupid enough to not be able to type ‘translate’ into google.
If you copy and paste this without looking and this is translated in french (on your translator) your a complete idiot who doesn’t know how to read.

Copper is one of the few metals to naturally occur as an un-compounded mineral. Copper was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record, and has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old.
Alloying to make brass or bronze was realized soon after the discovery of copper itself. By 2000 BC, Europe was using bronze. The use of bronze became so pervasive in a certain era of civilization (approximately 2500 BC to 600 BC in Europe) that it has been named the Bronze Age.
During the Bronze Age, one copper mine at Great Orme in North Wales, extended for a depth of 70 meters. At Alderley Edge in Cheshire, carbon dates have established mining at around 2280 to 1890 BC (at 95% probability).
In Greek the metal was known by the name chalkos (χαλκός). Copper was a very important resource for the Romans, Greeks and other ancient peoples. In Roman times, it became known as aes Cyprium
Copper was associated with the goddess Aphrodite/Venus in mythology and alchemy, owing to its lustrous beauty, its ancient use in producing mirrors, and its association with Cyprus, which was sacred to the goddess.
Ancient Egyptians (~2400 B.C.) used copper for sterilizing wounds and drinking water, and as time passed, (~1500 B.C.) for headaches, burns, and itching.
Throughout history, copper’s use in art has extended far beyond currency. Vannoccio Biringuccio, Giorgio Vasari and Benvenuto Cellini are three Renaissance sculptors from the mid 1500s, notable for their work with bronze.
In the early 1800s, it was discovered that copper wire could be used as a conductor, but it wasn’t until 1990 that copper, in oxide form, was discovered for use as a superconducting material. Most wires used today are made from copper with a plastic coating to protect from electrocution.
Copper is a reddish-colored metal; it has its characteristic color because of its band structure. In its liquefied state, a pure copper surface without ambient light appears somewhat greenish, a characteristic shared with gold
Copper occupies the same family of the periodic table as silver and gold. This similarity in electron structure makes them similar in many characteristics. All have very high thermal and electrical conductivity, and all are malleable metals.
If you can
Merci :D

A: Le cuivre est l’un des rares métaux à se produire naturellement comme un composé minéral. Le cuivre était connu de quelques-unes des plus anciennes civilizations sur record, et a une histoire de l’usage qui en est au moins 10000 ans.
Alliage de laiton de faire ou de bronze a été réalisée peu après la découverte de cuivre lui-même. En 2000, la Colombie-Britannique, l’Europe a été l’aide de bronze. L’usage de bronze est devenu si omniprésent dans une certaine ère de la civilization (environ 2500 avant JC à 600 avant JC en Europe) qu’il a été nommé l’âge de bronze.
Au cours de l’âge du bronze, une mine de cuivre à Great Orme dans le Nord du Pays de Galles, prorogé pour une profondeur de 70 mètres. À Alderley Edge dans le Cheshire, dates de carbone ont mis en place à l’exploitation minière autour de 2280 à 1890 BC (à 95% de probabilité).
En grec le métal a été connu sous le nom de chalkos (χαλκός). Le cuivre est une ressource très importante pour les Romains, Grecs et autres peuples anciens. A l’époque romaine, il est devenu connu sous le nom de AES Cyprium
Le cuivre a été associé à la déesse Aphrodite / Vénus dans la mythologie et l’alchimie, en raison de son brillant beauté, son ancien emploi dans la production de miroirs, et son association avec Chypre, qui a été sacré à la déesse.
Anciens Égyptiens (~ 2400 avant JC) de cuivre utilisé pour la stérilisation des plaies et l’eau potable, et que le temps passait, (~ 1500 avant JC) pour des maux de tête, des brûlures et des démangeaisons.
Tout au long de l’histoire, l’usage du cuivre dans l’art a étendu bien au-delà de monnaie. Vannoccio Biringuccio, Giorgio Vasari et Benvenuto Cellini sont trois sculpteurs de la Renaissance à partir du milieu 1500, pour leur remarquable travail du bronze.
Au début des années 1800, il a été découvert que les fils de cuivre pourrait être utilisé comme un chef, mais ce n’est qu’en 1990 que le cuivre, en forme d’oxyde, a été découvert pour être utilisé comme matériau supraconducteur. La plupart des fils utilisés aujourd’hui sont faits de cuivre avec un revêtement en plastique pour protéger de l’électrocution.
Le cuivre est un de couleur rougeâtre-métal, il a sa couleur caractéristique en raison de sa structure de bandes. Dans son état liquéfié, une surface de cuivre pur sans lumière ambiante semble un peu verdâtre, une caractéristique partagée avec de l’or
Cuivre occupe la même famille de la table périodique de l’argent et l’or. Cette similitude de structure électronique qui les rend semblables à plusieurs caractéristiques. Tous ont de très haute thermique et de la conductivité électrique, et tous les métaux sont malléables.
Si vous pouvez
Merci: D

Q: Us history, cant access online textbook?
1.Between 1801 and 1860, production of cotton rose from 100,000 bales per year to 4 million bales per year. What was the primary reason for this?

A.Increasing number of slaves picking cotton
B.Invention of the cotton gin
C.Increased number of cotton farmers
D.The price of cotton skyrocketed
2.The number of slaves increased from 1 million in 1820 to 4 million in 1850. Why was there such a large increase in the demand for slaves?

A.The outlawing of the foreign slave trade
B.More types of crops needed to be harvested
C.Since it was easier to harvest cotton, the number of cotton plantations increased in the South
D.There were fewer slaves to buy
3.In 1860, the South accounted for only 16% of the nations’ manufacturing. Which of the following was not part of the South’s manufacturing base?

A.Coal
B.Iron
C.Copper mines
D.Furniture production
4.Although cotton greatly helped the South, what was one disadvantage of the dominance of cotton?

A.large cotton plantations developed
B.more people were able to get out of debt due to growing cotton
C.manufacturing and industry did not spread quickly in the South
D.the South had to export all of the cotton for it to be profitable
5.What was one effect of the South’s heavy reliance on cotton and agriculture?

A.an efficient transportation system developed
B.the South was primarily rural, with only three major cities
C.the number of merchants in the South increased
D.workers organized to protest difficult working conditions
6.Slave codes prevented slaves from:

A.Owning property
B.Signing a contract
C.Testify in court against a white person
D.All of the above
7.On many plantations, owners used the task system for slaves as follows:

A.slaves were organized into work gangs that labored from sunrise to sunset
B.slaves were given so many tasks to complete it was impossible to finish in a given day
C.slaves were given a certain amount of jobs to complete each day and after completion could spend the rest of the day as they chose
D.slave drivers forced slaves to work as long as they wanted
8.Which was most important to African American slave culture?

A.Poetry
B.Spare time
C.Dance
D.Songs
9.The first major slave uprising, though it failed to actually do anything, occurred in 1800 in Virginia and was led by:

A.Gabriel Prosser
B.Frederick Douglass
C.Nat Turner
D.Sojurner Truth
10.In 1831, a slave uprising in Virginia killed 50 whites before being put down by local troops. This was led by:

A.Gabriel Prosser
B.Frederick Douglass
C.Nat Turner
D.Sojurner Truth

A: 1.B
2.C
3.D
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.C
8.D
9.A
10.C

Q: the continent of africa begging bowl?
NIGERIA, vast oil reserves?
SOUTH AFRICA, gold, diamond’s, etc/
NAMIBIA, vast diamond’s area?
Huge copper mines,
Wealth of Wild life,
history for tourism?

Tens of Million’s of pound’s from live aid,band aid etc?
Now they are asking people to donate a Monthly sum to feed the masses DO YOU THINK THEY ARE ON A GOOD THING
i am reminded that most people from europe including uk look on africa as a place where tarzan (this is not a pun or snide remark) used to live and is undeveloped this is far from the truth, there are cities that are better planned and developed than ours, look to the wrong doer’s MUGGABE, ZAMBIA and other leaders that have access to the millions we have donated and probably used it to buy weaponry?it is time for the ordinary to stand up now because we
are not a bottomless pit?
did you know that the world bank’s have wiped out billions of pound’s off the national debts of third world countries,
so why are they still begging when they have no debt’s blimy even the uk has a national debt?

A: All those things you mentioned are making millionaires out of a limited few and many of those are foreigners.
The poorest of Africans do need help, but who can you trust to distribute your donations to the needy?
These people advertising on TV aren’t going hungry from giving aid.

Q: please help me!?
i don’t have enough information to write an essay about history of metallurgy (prehistory-600 C.E.)
i need information on
-gold mining
-copper mining
-bronze metallurgy
-iron metallurgy

i know about this site:

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?groupid=1267&history1d=ab16#pagetop

do you know any good websites or know about them?
i can’t use wikipedia.
i told you I can’t wikipedia.
I wouldn’t be asking this question if I didn’t google it okay.

A: just google it dude. seriously it would take me five minutes to get it. whats wrong with you people that you need everyone else to do your work for you?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgical_engineering

http://weber.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/metallurgy.html

Q: plz plz help me with this i really need help history?
21. The bantu kingdoms of central and southern africa controlled the
a.salt trade b.copper aand gold mines of the interior c.pottery trade d.red sea and associated trade routes

22.The first emperor off rome to defend chriatianity was
a.augustus b.augustine c.constantine d.theodosius

23.a phalanx is a greek military formation made up of
a.rows of closely-arrayed foot b.warships escorting merchant vessels c.archers on the top of the acropolis d.noblemen on horseback
24.The king who intorduced islamic culture to mali was
a.mansa musa b.askia muhammad c.piankhi d.sundiata keita
25.The hellenistic philosopher who advised people to ignore their emotions and accept difficult circumstances was named
a.zeno b.diogenes c.euclid d.aristotle

26.The religion founded by siddhartha gautama is
a.buddhism b.islam c.stoicism d.himduism
27.The chinese dynasty that ruled for more than 800 years was the
a.qin b.shang c.han d.zhou

A: 21. I believe is the Copper and Gold mines:

http://books.google.com/books?id=KR0oRd5GMGkC&pg=RA1-PA133&dq=bantu+kingdoms+gold&sig=jqKFehJCa55yaXZXwiHHrGavG08

22 is Constantine

23 Is rows or closely-arrayed foot soldiers (As seen in the movie 300)

24. Mansa Musa

25. Diogenes

26. Buddhism

27. The Shang dynasty was from 1766- c.1040BC

Q: I had a copper t Iud inserted about 6-7 months ago. ?
I have had the heaviest Periods ever. I almost can’t work I have to go to the restroom so many time during the day. I go through about 50 super tampons a week and half a box of kotex. Its driving me crazy. Then I got an infection from bleeding so heavy and now my last pap was abnormal and they have to do a biopsy of some sort to see if its cancerous. Im having it taken out right away. Has anyone else had these problems? It’s scary. I can’t be on any hormones because of my family history of cancer so this was my only option. Im in my mids 40’s and don’t want to have any more kids, mine are already grown!

A: Extremely heavy periods are a common side effect of the copper IUD. But you shouldn’t be going through 50 tamopns a week. This form of birth control is not suited for you, and it’s good that you are having it removed.
If you are in a monogamous relationship, talk with your partner about having a vasectomy. It’s a simple procedure, and it makes a man sterile. They will cut and cauterize his vas deferens so that sperm cannot combine with seminal fluid. He will still have complete sexual function, but he won’t be able to impregnate you. Basically, he’ll be shooting blanks. I recommend this over tubal ligations (I’ll talk about that next) because it’s easier, and there are less complications.
If you are not in a monogamous relationship then I suggest getting a tubal ligation (tubes tied). It’s the only hormone free option (other than condoms). It’s permanent, but you sound pretty sure that you don’t want any more children. When you go to have your IUD removed, talk with your doc about possible options for you. He or she can better explain the procedure and can make recommendations about what a good option for you would be.

Q: Is this and A paper????
im writing a report on Nevada and need to know if this is good. It will say look here for pics but there on a cologe so these are just words…

Nevada

The state of Nevada was claimed as the 36th state on October 31, 1864.Thats when it became an official state. Nevada’s nicknames are Sagebrush State, Battle Born State, and the most known nickname is the Silver State. The meaning of the name of our state “Nevada” is snow-capped in Spanish. Here are some facts about Nevada; the population is about 1,998,257 people. It’s the 35th largest state (2000 census). Nevada’s Capital is Carson City. The state bird is the Mountain Bluebird and the state animal is the Desert Bighorn. The state flower is Sagebrush and the state tree is Single-leaf Pinon and the Bristlecone Pine. Our state precious gemstone is the Virgin Valley Black Fire Opal. The state song is Home Means Nevada.

Home means Nevada, Home means the hills. Home means the sage and the pine. Out by the Truckee’s silvery rills. Out where the sun always shines. There is the land that I love the best, fairer than all I can see. Right in the heart of the golden West, Home means Nevada to me.

Our state colors or silver and blue. And the state flag has a green reef looking type of thing on it with yellow flowers. Its says Nevada under a white star. Above the white star there is a scroll saying battle born. The background color of the flag is navy blue.
Our states motto is “all for our country.”

Here is a picture of what our state looks like,
Here is a picture of Carson city, our capital.

Nevada is the home of the wild mustangs, which is one of my favorite things about the state.

Nevada is bordered by Utah,Arazona,California,Oregon, and Idaho.

Here is a timeline of dates that are important to
Nevada.

• 1821 Mexico claimed the area after a successful revolt against Spain.
• 1840’s Americans on the way to California traveled through the region.
• 1848 Nevada was part of the area ceded by Mexico to the United States.
• 1849 The first non-Indian settlement was made at Mormon Station (Genoa).
• 1850 When Utah Territory was organized, almost all of present-day Nevada was included except the southern tip, which was then part of the New Mexico Territory.
• 1859 The Comstock Lode of gold and silver was discovered at Virginia City, and many miners began coming from California.
• 1861 Congress created Nevada Territory. In 1862 the territory was enlarged by shifting the eastern boundary.
• 1863 Nevada became a state. In 1866 and 1867 more eastern land was gained from Utah Territory and the southern tip was acquired from Arizona Territory.
• 1880 – 1890 As the Comstock Lode declined, the state’s population fell from 62,000 to 47,000.
• 1900 The discovery of silver at Tonopah, soon followed by gold strikes at Goldfield and the discovery of copper at Ely, led to a new mining boom that lasted until after World War I.

Those are some very important history dates of Nevada.

Here are all the cities in Nevada
Alamo
TownLincoln
Amargosa Valley

Arden

Ash Springs

Austin

Baker

Battle Mountain

Beatty

Beowawe

Blue Diamond
CDP
Clark
Boulder City
City

Bunkerville
CDPClark
Cal-Nev-Ari
CDPClark
Caliente

Carlin

Carson City
City
CDPsmallest CDP in the state
Cold Springs

Crescent Valley

Crystal

Crystal Bay

Dayton

Delamar Ghost Town

Denio

Duckwater

Dyer

East

Ely

Elko

Empire

Enterprise
Town
Clark

Eureka

Fallon

Fernley

Gabbs

Gardnervillle
Town

Gardnerville Ranchos

Genoa
Town

Gerlach

Glenbrook

Glendale
CDPClark
Golden Valley

Goldfield

Goodsprings
CDPClark
Hawthorne

Henderson
CityClark
Hiko

Imlay

Incline Village

Indian Hills

Indian Springs
CDP
Town
Clark
Jackpot

Jarbidge

Jean

Jiggs

Johnson Lane

Kingsbury

Las Vegas
CityClark
Lamoille

Laughlin

Lemmon Valley

Logandale
TownClark
Lovelock

Lund

McDermitt

McGill

Mesquite
CityClark
Minden
Town

Moapa Town
CDPClark
Moapa Valley
CDPClark
Montello

Mount Charleston
CDPClark
Nixon

North Las Vegas
CityClark
Orovada

Overton
TownClark
Owyhee

Pahrump
Nye

Panaca

Paradise

Paradise Valley

Pioche

Primm
Clark
Rachel

Reno
CityWashoe

Round Hill Village

Round Mountain

Sandy Valley
CDPClark
Schurz

Searchlight
CDPClark
Silver Peak

Silver City

Silver Springs

Sloan
CDPClark
Smith

Spanish Springs

Sparks
CityWashoe

Spring Creek

Spring Valley
CDP
TownClark

Stateline

Summerlin South
CDP
TownClark

Sun Valley

Sunrise Manor
CDP
TownClark

Sutcliffe

Tonopah

Tuscarora

Verdi

Virginia City

Wadsworth

Wellington

Wells

West Wendover

Winnemucca

Whitney
CDP
TownClark

Winchester
CDP
TownClark

Yerington

Zephyr Cove

Nevada has a lot of beautiful scenery look here.
One thing you guys might know about Nevada, is Sarah Winnemucca. This is what the wikipedia says about her in the first paragraph, Sarah Winnemucca (born Thocmentony, Paiute: Shell Flower )which is now western Nevada… (ca. 1841 – October 17, 1891) was notable for being the first Native American woman known to secure a copyright and to publish in the English language. She was also known by her married name, Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, under which she was published. Her book, Life Among the Paiutes: Their Wrongs and Claims, is an autobiographical account of her people during their first forty years of contact with explorers and settlers.
Sarah was a person of two worlds. At the time of her birth her people had only very limited contact with Euro-Americans; however she spent much of her adult life in white society. Like many people of two worlds, she may be judged harshly in both contexts. Many Paiutes view her as a collaborator who helped the U.S. Army kill her people. Modern historians view her book as an important primary source, but one that is deliberately misleading in many instances. Despite this, Sarah has received much positive attention recently for her activism. She was inducted into the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame in 1993, and in 2005 a statue of her was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection in the U.S. Capitol.
That says a lot about her. Sarah Winnemucca is very well known for bringing peace between Americans and Indians. Nevada is well known for her. Because she was born in what is now western Nevada. She is now in the Nevada hall of fame.

Nevada is apart of the Great Basin desert. You can see many miles of beautiful mountains, sagebrush, animals, and so much more!!! Nevada has one of the lowest average rainfalls out of the fifty states: nine inches. You may have heard the poem Mountains as Islands which says the following,

Mountains as Islands
Each range here is like a warship standing on its own, and the Great Basin is an ocean of loose sediment with these mountain ranges standing in it as if they were members of a fleet without precedent, assembled at Guam to assault Japan. Some of the ranges are forty miles long, others a hundred, a hundred and fifty. They point generally north. The basins that separate them-ten and fifteen miles wide-will run on for fifty, a hundred, two hundred and fifty miles with lone, daisy-petalled windmills standing over sage and wild rye. …Discounting the cry of the occasional bird, the wailing of a pack of coyotes, silence-a great spatial silence- is pure in the Basin and Range. It is a soundless immensity with mountains in it.
-John McPhee
Basin and Range, 1980
this is a 4th grade papeer just so you know…
just read my own paper and fell asleep geese this paper sucks!

A: I can’t read it all, but from what I skimmed it seems like you’re just bulleting. Try listing in more creative ways.

Q: First person to answer these question correct gets the 10 points!?
They all Start with the letter “N”.
1. The Tropic of Capricorn runs though this African Nation where 25% of the Gross National Product comes from mining precious ores and stones such as Diamonds, copper, gold. _______________

2.__________ is a synonym for country and used to describe an area of land where the people share the same government common language, history, and oftentimes culture.

3.What Double island nation is 1,50 miles east of Australia?

4.What European country has two capitals?

5. Name a country Famous for its fiord’s.

6.What Canadian island shares the same name as a Canadian province.

7. What African Nation has its capital located at 6 north and 4 east?

8. _________________ is the science or art of determining the position of a ship or plane and guiding it to its destination

A: 1. Namibia
2. Nation
3. New Zealand
4. Netherlands
5. Norway
6. Newfoundland
7. Niger
8. Navigation

Q: What happened the last time we had free markets?
Apparently all those free market economists are poor students of history. I distinctly remember learning about how the free-market worked in the US before we had anti-trust laws.

Let me see we had mining towns. Coal miners worked in mining towns; they were paid in coupons only usable at the company store owned by the mine. They lived in housing owned by the mine. They spent 14 hour days in the mine and never had anything to show for it but black lungs and a possible early death. Meanwhile the only ones actually earning anything were the owners.

Monopolies dominated the scene by pricing everyone out of business and then charging exorbitant prices because they were the only ones left in town. Workers were paid pennies to work 14-16 hour days. Why? Because true “efficiency” means a lack of human kindness. True “efficient” employers were the Carnegies, Copper Kings, and Rockefellers who could get their workers to work for the minimal cost. It means maximizing their profits.

Only now the “brilliant” economists have played into the hands of these enterprising individuals. Now if unscrupulous individuals don’t want to play by the rules they simply move the company off shore.
Voila, they by-pass each and every safeguard ever put in place to stop the act of ravenous monopolism. And since our legislatures and presidents and universities seem to have been bought out by lobbyists for these entities they not only allow it they have removed all and every penalty for such monopolistic behavior.

Who gets the raw end of the deal. Every individual in every country. For each country is only a viable location for business as long as it keeps the highest profit margin for business owners. So countries’ resources and people get used like a vampire sucking through its victim. When a better looking piece of real estate comes along the host country loses all those jobs and opportunities and sooner or latter the people of the nation can no longer afford to pay the bill because there are too few working in that country to afford the taxes.

This is the state in which the USA finds itself in at the moment. So what does the troubled nation do? The president borrows more money than has ever been borrowed before to “keep the economy afloat.” with a smirking face. But, is this not the exact behavior that got the individuals in trouble in the first place?

Part of the reason we have such a huge problem is that too many people were borrowing money for houses they could not afford. Now president Obama has extended that policy from individuals to a national past time. Great! It broke the individuals and it is sure to break this great nation! Thanks Obama.
Mac:

I like your points. I think this problem is deeper than Obama. Like I said, “presidentS” going back several generations. Not sure exactly who started the problem. So neither Bush nor Obama can totally be blamed although each had a part in where the nation is today.

A: Nice post but with two problems. It identified many symptoms but not the root cause (see reference “the naked economy” for details).
Secondly, no effective course of action is proposed. My own take is simple, throw the rascals out! until we take concrete steps to rebuild our industrial base (see reference)

Q: Which IUD should I use… or should I use one at all?
After having two kids my doc suggested an IUD for birth control.

I have a history of having birth control causing me to be irrational or depressed so that is a concern of mine.
I am also breastfeeding so that is a concern.

I have heard that Mirena causes many women to stop having a period and that sounds great, but I am concerned about how the hormones may affect me or my ability to produce breastmilk.

The Paragard sounds good in theory, but I worry that the extra copper in my body may have adverse affects.

Has anyone used either? What were the positive/negatives?
Also, is there anything about IUDs in general that I should know (besides the basic info the doctor give you)?

A: Hi, I have had the mirena IUD in for about 2 years. the first 6 months, I spotted and I cramped. After my body adjusted, it was great. I have been without a period thank goodness for over a year. I don’t want to ever take it out.

I was talking to a friend tonight. She had the Mirena in and just fell out, which I understand to be common but the doctors will put it back it.

I must tell you that it does hurt to have it put in and you will need to take some pain relievers like ibuprofen when you get it inserted. If you choose Mirena, give your body at least 6 months to adjust.

Q: please help me!?
i don’t have enough information to write an essay about history of metallurgy (prehistory-600 C.E.)
i need information on
-gold mining
-copper mining
-bronze metallurgy
-iron metallurgy

i know about this site:

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?groupid=1267&history1d=ab16#pagetop

do you know any good websites or know about them?
i can’t use wikipedia.

A: google it then

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